This article seeks the hermeneutical (inter-textual) explanation of media representation effect in spatial transformations. Therefore it seeks new spatial entities which are the results of this relationship. In postmodern era, the media are the main actors in identifying and interpreting environmental issues and according to plurality of identities and multiplicity of spatial experience, now we don’t live with spatial dictations rooted in absolutism of Euclidian patterns of space. Uncontrolled fields of media, turmoil and meanings diversity and images in contemporary art and poetics and elegant fantasies, hyper-reality and formation of mass consumption society and signs crisis, are all the results of advertisement and this has led to a crisis of semiotic representation in contemporary city. The article studies the results of technology Gestell from the perspective of Heidegger's ontology. Therefore it does not refer to the function of discourse and space, but refers to the nature of this discourse.

Because the geographical space is the fundamental content of the geography science, the discussion of nature of it and this question that what is the "geographical" meaning of "space"? Are always essential issues in the geography science? This article tries to prepare a context to debate of the nature of "geographical space" and it tries to answer to this question that what is the "geographical space"? This article does these via the debating of the philosophical kind of spatial thoughts and via a critical view to them...

Philosophy Study and theoretical foundations of Changes in geographic space are the most important issues in the philosophy of geography. In other words, the space as important theme of geography, were have been produced by numerous makings that less were have been talked about it. In fact, in the modern age, new changes in space increase by new instruments such as communication tools. While, there are Philosophical relations between communication and mass media tools and changes in the geographical space that less were have been studied in recent years. Communication tools and mass media is one of the important tools that with helping them, the distribution of information, move so quickly in the geographical space. In other words, at present has been were represented important part of issued places such as in urban, rural… by communication instruments and mass media tools. These tools have been increased speed comparing the places with each other. So it seems that one of the most important tools to assess the level of development and location status and judgments about how functions of dominant decision maker and planner about space is communication tools. So, It can be take consider a fundamental and philosophical relationship between environmental changes and function of mass medias and communications tools. In this research were struggled with theoretical -analytical approaches that Fields of environmental change can beexplainedon the basis of mass Medias and communication instruments function. Finding research reveals that nowadays, most part philosophical geography space changings is related to media mass functions.

Explanation of one concept in different cognitive schools has very great importance. In this field, in the geographical sciences; space concept as a very important paradigm in the geography could be taken different meaning in different cognitive schools. space consists of a bilateral relation between human and the environment. geographical science analyses this space and its issues with human and physical dimension. So, in this paper, the main question is ‘ what is the definition of space in Positivism and Hermeneutics schools? ’ . This research has fundamental approaches in the philosophy of geography and has referred to valid documents and bibliographies for the compilation of information. This research deals with descriptive and analytical approaches, the space definition has been given according to the characteristics of the two important schools. Findings of the research reveal that in the Positivism school, space was considered as a perceptual concept. In other words, researchers should make use of their sense and their experience for detecting things in space. In Positivism school, a researcher should not involve his ideology or his culture for discovering the truth. So, Positivism geographical research has been integrated with quantitative tools such as statistics, mathematics and positive models. In Hermeneutics school, meanings, ideas, theories, together obtain their objectivity and importance by a dominant power and ideology. In this school, geographical spaces also are derived from dominant ideological and power. Consequently, the ruling discourses are constantly creating meaning and landscape, and recognizing these symbols and perspectives requires a kind of interpretation to identify the forces and non-visible discourses that make these symbols.

Aims & Backgrounds Strategic planning identifies the objectives of political management of space in accordance with its mission and through environmental studies, so that more realistic goals can be determined and implemented. Political managers of geographical space at the level of the cities to carry out their local tasks are bound to formulate strategic plans. The aim of this research is presentation of strategic plan for political management of the geographical space in Shahriar township, based on both systematic and contingency theories. Methodology For this purpose, AHP method was used to determine the importance and weight of internal and external factors. For presentation of strategies SWOT method was used and to evaluate the attractiveness of each strategy QSPM matrics was utilised. Findings The findings of the study indicate that within Shahriar township, weaknesses are more pronounced than strengths, and outside the township, threats are more than opportunities. Optimum strategies for political management of geographical space in this situation were defensive. Conclusion Defensive strategies should be adopted in Shahriar city and these strategies are as follows: Reform the structure of the political divisions of township space in order to attract more capital and create employment; Allocate facilities and amenities to expand industrial agriculture and increase production in the sector; Prevent illegal land use change and reduce green land and its environmental consequences; Adopt effective mechanisms to manage the city’ s water resources and tackle drought; Planning and Investing in Reducing Vulnerability of the City at the Time of Natural Hazards such as Earthquakes; Develop legal mechanisms for migration and management of immigrants to enhance security.

Since one of the main pillars of development is attention to equality and justice in the distribution of resources between different sectors of society, therefore, the concentration and inappropriate distribution of facilities and services in different regions have always been considered as one of the pitfalls of development, which requires a scientific review. In this research, the main goal was to study the degree of development of the cities of East Azerbaijan province. To achieve this goal, 31 indicators of development were assessed in three categories: socio-cultural, health, and economic and infrastructure in 20 cities. The methodology of this study is to classify the provinces based on numerical mal taxonomy and cluster analysis and also, the method of collecting is documentary information. The results of this study showed that, the cities of Tabriz, Marand and Maragheh are in high ranking of development, respectively, and the cities of Khadafrien and Charaymahq are in the last positions. The results of the research show that, the development rate in the western part of the province was higher than the eastern regions, and the level of development is in relation to the distance from the center, and access to rail and road transport lines.

Introduction: In the evaluated of geographical studies from the 1970s with the arrival of Marxist ideas in Geography, some of geographers turned away from focusing on quantitative methods and ecological studies. In this regard, serious theoretical criticism was conducted on the quantitative methodology in Geography. This time, the definition of space was full of political and ideological conflicts. In the Positivism school, space was considered as a material phenomenon and researcher should be formal logic for study the spatial organization. They should not interfere his ideology or culture for discovering the truth of space. While, in the post positivism thinking, quantities’ planning is not nothing except "false consciousness" and in the opposite, meanings, ideas, theories obtain their objectivity and ostensible concept by dominant power and ideology. So, geographical spaces also are derived from dominant ideological and power. Relativistic geographers did not believe that many cultural and social behaviors are not necessarily the result of material gain. In post positivism methodology, major assumption is that invisible force in behind of any symbol in the space that were caused any symbol in space are emerged. So, the space concept does not have actual objectivity. The political dimension of space was one of the most important dimensions of space. So, this article has been struggled to understand the function of epistemic relativism in the study of the political impacts on geographic space and it explains the better performance of relativistic cognition in understanding the political dimension of space.

Aims & Backgrounds The studies of space political economy in the framework of positivism methodology is often influenced by profit motivation, and analysis of spatial changes is as a result of economic policies independent from government ideology. Marxist geographers have also argued that political sovereignty lacked any structural independence against class relations and the material processes of society shape the political destiny of geographical space. in the studies of political economy in the framework of Hegelian perspective, the role of government actors and agencies is investigated as the forces beyond the elements of civil society in the distribution of public goods and services and policymaking in order to capital accumulation and its subsequent spatial reconstruction at the territorial level. The aim of this study was to investigate and explanation of the most important effective structural symbols and functional processes, constructed by the government in the framework of the Hegelian perspective on national and territorial scales. Methodology This descriptive-analytical study with the trans-positivism approach, is seeking to analyze the spatial dialectics in the framework of the function of political sovereignty in the distribution of public goods and national resource allocation at the national scale. Findings from the Hegelian perspective, the political economy of space is the result of controlling competition between the guilds and the social classes for access to public goods by the government. In other words, the process of scarce resource allocation based on the ideology of sovereignty government and determination of facility location and its subsequent spatial developments were investigated. Meanwhile, deployment of new forces in decision making in the territorial scale will create the various patterns of the political economy of space and it is not necessarily the result of a social class function or pursuit the interests of the bourgeois class. Accordingly, when the government’ s function in organizing the space economy in one area is discussed, there is not necessary to merely use of quantitative methods to predict and measuring the political economy of space. Conclusion The government-oriented political economy is seeking to describe the ranking and classification of social groups in access to scarce economic resources through planning processes, spatial planning, and analysis of its effects.